Programs, exercise technique and load planning.
48 articlesAlkaline phosphatase in a blood test: where the enzyme comes from, what isoforms exist, what the value means for an athlete's bones and liver, and how to take the test correctly.
Why an athlete's alkaline phosphatase is above or below normal: bone, liver, and dietary causes, the effect of drugs, a follow-up workup algorithm, and when to see a doctor.
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH): where it comes from in women and men, what the test actually shows, why it is not a “fertility test”, and what significance it has for female athletes.
Anti-Müllerian hormone above or below normal: PCOS, age-related decline in reserve, the effect of contraception and energy deficiency in female athletes, what to do with the result, and which doctor to see.
Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO): what this test is, how it is related to Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, why it matters for athletes, and how to avoid false results due to biotin.
Elevated anti-TPO antibodies in an athlete: causes, the role of heredity, iodine, pregnancy, and drugs, what to do with normal and altered TSH, whether selenium helps, and when treatment is needed.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR): how it is calculated from creatinine and cystatin C, what the KDIGO categories mean, and why in muscular athletes the result is often falsely reduced.
GFR below or above normal in an athlete: the effect of muscle mass, creatine, protein, dehydration, rhabdomyolysis, drugs, and steroids; hyperfiltration; a step-by-step verification algorithm and when to see a nephrologist.
Urinalysis for an athlete: physical, chemical, and microscopic indicators, what they say about hydration, kidneys, and metabolism, how to collect urine correctly, and how to avoid false results after training.
Deviations in a urinalysis in athletes: protein, blood, myoglobin, ketones, glucose, leukocytes, specific gravity above or below normal — causes related to training and when further workup is needed.
Alkaline phosphatase in a blood test: where the enzyme comes from, what isoforms exist, what the value means for an athlete's bones and liver, and how to take the test correctly.
Why an athlete's alkaline phosphatase is above or below normal: bone, liver, and dietary causes, the effect of drugs, a follow-up workup algorithm, and when to see a doctor.